A sample of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) is synthesized in the laboratory. It contains 1.50 g of carbon and 2.00 g of oxygen. Another sample of...

While this question may look complicated, it is surprisingly simple to complete. I will break it down word by word, and show the full process to solve.

I like to start with the last sentence of a problem to find out what I am looking for. In this problem the last sentence is "How many grams of oxygen are there?" This is straightforward, and tells us that we are looking for oxygen in the final product of something.

The second and third sentences are "It contains 1.50 g of carbon and 2.00 g of oxygen. Another sample of ascorbic acid isolated from citrus fruits contains 6.55 g of carbon." This tells us that a sample of ascorbic acid contains 1.50 g of carbon and 2.00 g of oxygen, and the carbon content of a secondary sample. Clearly, because we are looking for the oxygen content, this is the important info to know.

The first sentence, "A sample of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) is synthesized in the laboratory," tells us nothing at all. It sets up a 'setting' for the math problem, and puts some story into it, but when you read this, you  will learn nothing that helps you solve the problem. 

In the end we are left with the quantity of components in ascorbic acid and a single component from a second sample, and are asked to find the missing quantity. As a math problem, you would write

`[1.5g_(carbon)]/[2.0g_(o)]=[6.55g_(carbon)]/x`

where x is the missing quantity. Solving, you get 8.7333(...) g oxygen.

How were Jewish people persecuted in Holland?

Prior to the rise of the Nazi party in Germany, Jewish people in Holland were relatively economically integrated and accepted by Dutch society, compared to Jewish people elsewhere in Europe. Tens of thousands of Jewish people living in Nazi Germany fled to Holland to escape persecution between 1939 and 1940, increasing the Jewish population of the country to 140,000. However, the Nazi occupation of Holland beginning in 1940 led to worsening conditions for this population. Nazis instituted laws that removed Jewish people from their schools, jobs, and houses. The Dutch government collaborated with the German government to deport Jewish people living in Holland to concentration camps including Auschwitz and Sobibor. By 1946, there were only 30,000 Jewish people living in Holland- only 20 percent of the population prior to the Holocaust. The population continued to decrease in the following decades due to emigration elsewhere in Europe or to Palestine. Today, the much smaller Jewish population of Holland does not experience direct persecution, but many Dutch Jews live outside of Holland or were descended from victims of Nazi occupation of their country.

What does Angelou compare her hope to in "Still I Rise"?

Angelou compares her hope to dust, air, the ocean -- anything that moves around, through, over an obstacle and is still essentially itself.  Her hope is rooted in the history of the African-Americans who were enslaved, beaten and killed, but whose population and tenacity remains strong in the America that tried to defeat it. The last two stanzas are a change in tone from the challenge and rhetorical questions of the majority of the poem: they state what she will DO, no matter what judgement confronts her, no matter what challenges lie in her path. The repetition of "I rise" intensifies the mood as we approach the end, and you can imagine Angelou herself, her voice booming forth with emphasis on each syllable.  It's not hard to see why this is one of the most common orally performed poems from contemporary literature -- a clear simile and an indelible image. 

What effect do you think the Industrial Revolution had on the quality of life of those most affected by it?

The Industrial Revolution had a tremendous impact on the labor force. When the Industrial Revolution began, most people who worked in manufacturing were negatively impacted by it. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, many people were working in small, worker-friendly environments. The business owners and the workers knew each other and their families very well. The workers were treated well by the business owners. This changed with the start of the Industrial Revolution.

When the Industrial Revolution began, people went to work in factories since expensive machines were being used to manufacture products. There were hundreds of people working in these factories. The owners and workers had little to no contact with each other. Working conditions were poor, and the pay was very low. They also worked very long hours. There was very little regard for those who worked in the factories. Supervisors were more concerned with production than they were with the overall well-being of the workers. As a result, workers were negatively impacted when the Industrial Revolution began.

What was the single most important clue which gave Holmes an idea of Spaulding's motives?

The single most important clue that gave Sherlock Holmes an idea of the motives of the man who calls himself Vincent Spaulding in "The Red-Headed League" is not one of the several clues the detective picks up from listening to the tale of Jabez Wilson. These clues tell Holmes that Spaulding is up to something, but he has to go to Wilson's pawnshop and examine the neighborhood before he understands what this assistant, whose real name is John Clay, is up to. While Holmes and Watson are in Saxe-Coburg Square, the detective knocks at the door of the pawnshop and inquires the way to the Strand of the assistant. After the case has been solved and both Clay and his accomplice have been taken off to jail, Holmes explains his line of reasoning to Watson, including this:

I surprised you by beating upon the pavement with my stick. I was ascertaining whether the cellar stretched out in front or behind. It was not in front. Then I rang the bell, and, as I hoped, the assistant answered it. We have had some skirmishes, but we had never set eyes upon each other before. I hardly looked at his face. His knees were what I wished to see. You must yourself have remarked how worn, wrinkled, and stained they were. They spoke of those hours of burrowing. The only remaining point was what they were burrowing for. I walked round the corner, saw the City and Suburban Bank abutted on our friend's premises, and felt that I had solved my problem. 

The condition of the knees of Clay's trousers tells Holmes that Clay is digging a tunnel. By beating on the pavement with his walking stick, Holmes ascertains the direction in which Clay is digging. It can only be towards the City and Suburban Bank. Holmes makes inquiries and learns that a huge amount of French gold coins is currently stored in the underground strongroom of the bank. The knees of Clay's trousers are the most important clue because they tell Holmes exactly what Clay has been up to. They explain the crook's creation of the Red-Headed League and the object of all his machinations since he came to work for Jabez Wilson at half-salary. Holmes is able to set a trap which nets both Clay and his accomplice, and the detective saves the bank from the loss of a fortune in gold coins which the two burglars intended to loot from the bank's strongroom on Saturday night, the night of the same day they had posted a notice on the office-door announcing that the Red-Headed League had been dissolved.

How are closed or open spaces used in the setting of The Crucible, and with what effects?

Acts I, II, and III take place in relatively closed spaces: the Reverend Parris's house, the Proctors' house, and the meeting house / courtroom, respectively.  Each closed space seems to feel too small for all the big emotions and tensions and anxieties; it's as though the small areas are as confining as the laws and pressures and superstitions of the Puritans themselves.  In Parris's house, the minister's own anxiety about how he will be perceived by the wider community influences him to act in a way that is ultimately self-serving rather than Salem-serving; ditto for the Putnams, Abigail, and the other girls.  In John Proctor's home, the strained relationship between him and his wife widen the chasm between them, and when Mr. Hale arrives, we see them all chafe against the religious codes of the colony.  Then, in the courtroom, we see the stifling atmosphere created by Judge Danforth and Hathorne's corruption, despite the evidence brought by Proctor, Corey, and Nurse or the more reasonable arguments presented by Hale.  As the act progresses, we seem to feel the walls closing in on Proctor and the other accused innocents.  It's a damning view of the Puritans to be sure.

Act IV, however, begins in a small, enclosed space -- the jail -- and ends in the wide open space outside it.  Within the jail, Proctor and the others are what society has made them: convicts.  But outside the jail, Proctor has the opportunity to see that he is more than the sum of his parts as determined by his religion and his community.  Though he'd made a mistake and been unfaithful to his wife, he finally realizes that this doesn't make him an irredeemable sinner; he comes to understand -- when outside the walls (both literal and figurative) erected by religion and community -- that he can still choose to be good and honest.  It is as though he gains the freedom to see himself in a new way when he is no longer trapped within Puritans structures, be they physical or symbolic.

Does Squeaky's attitude change by the end of "Raymond's Run" by Toni Cade Bambara? If so, how?

In Toni Cade Bambara’s short story “Raymond’s Run,” Squeaky goes through a metamorphosis. Her attitude changes from a little girl who will do anything to maintain her reputation as the fastest runner in the neighborhood. She is a tough young woman who will stand up for her beliefs until she either has to fight or flee.

I’m ready to fight, cause like I said I don’t feature a whole lot of chit-chat, I much prefer to just knock you down right from the jump and save everybody alotta precious time.

She is fiercely protective of her brother Raymond, who lives with a developmental disability. Her only family responsibility is to care for him, and she protects him from the wrath of other neighborhood children.  One of her important attributes is that she is willing to practice constantly to maintain her prowess as the fastest runner. In fact, she despises other girls who pretend they do not need to practice in order to excel.

She has a difficult time maintaining friendships with other girls, and believes role models are lacking.

Gretchen smiles, but it’s not a smile, and I’m thinking that girls never really smile at each other because they don’t know how and don’t want to know how and there’s probably no one to teach us how, cause grown-up girls don’t know either.

The day of the May Day race, Squeaky deposits Raymond on the playground and prepares for the race with no thoughts of anything but winning. As the race unfolds, Gretchen proves to be a formidable opponent who garners Squeaky’s respect. The two exchange a knowing glance and a genuine smile. Raymond, on the other side of the fence, matches Squeaky stride for stride in the race, which causes her to see him as more than her disabled brother. In her eyes, he becomes a person with possibility. Both of these events change Squeaky’s attitude from a self-involved, tough girl to a young lady who sees other possibilities for Raymond, and her relationships with other girls. She even considers asking Gretchen to coach Raymond with her, as her mindset changes.

And I look over at Gretchen wondering what the “P” stands for. And I smile. Cause she’s good, no doubt about it. Maybe she’d like to help me coach Raymond; she obviously is serious about running, as any fool can see. And she nods to congratulate me and then she smiles. And I smile. We stand there with this big smile of respect between us.

What might you do to improve upward communication within the company? What can Google do to communicate effectively on an organization-wide basis...

There are several strategies that organizations such as Google can use to improve the quality of upward communications.

The first group of strategies is structural. Flattening management structures means fewer people between the researchers and creative workers involved in developing products and upper management, something that facilitates vertical communication. Another strategy is splitting off project groups so that workers report to someone focused on the specific project to which they are assigned, aligning authority, project responsibilities, and reporting.

One traditional strategy is having regular meetings, but these are often considered as unproductive, especially in a corporate atmosphere in which workers may be afraid of negative career repercussions if they speak frankly. Hewlett-Packard popularized a strategy know as "management by walking around" which emphasized that managers should simply wander around for a few hours a week and engage in casual, water cooler style conversations to get a feel for how workers are thinking. 

Another possibility is creating electronic suggestion boxes which reward workers for ideas or suggestions made directly to upper management. Often these work best if the suggestions can be anonymized initially with the name of the person making the suggestion only revealed if it is rewarded in some fashion.

Company blogs and social networks also allow direct and frank upward communication within large organization. As with other means of communication, groups should be assigned on the basis of interests or projects rather than upper management being isolated from workers. 

The African slaves who arrived in the English colonies in the seventeenth century________. a) had no prior exposure to slavery in Africa b)...

The correct answer is C.

There was a slave system that had existed in West Africa prior to the Age of Exploration and Conquest. However, the slave system that existed bore no resemblance to that which developed in the New World in the 18th- and 19th-centuries. Firstly, one would not be in bondage for a lifetime. Secondly, the slave system more closely resembled a system of apprenticeship. A young man would be captured from a neighboring tribe, as part of the spoils of war, then kept as a slave for a number of years. During those years, he would learn a skill, then would be freed and allowed to apply that skill toward making a living for himself and his family. Thirdly, there is no evidence showing that the system of cruel and inhumane retribution that existed in the New World also existed in West Africa. There was also no concerted effort to keep slaves in states of ignorance and degradation.

West Africans who were captured and brought to the New World were followers of Islam, not Christianity. The Kingdom of Mali, for example, accepted Islam in the early fourteenth century. Islam reached West Africa as a result of trade with North African states.

Lastly, as with many societies, there were class divisions in West African kingdoms. Kingdoms are defined by class division. Each kingdom was comprised of village states headed by a particular family. Village states were formed by clans, or families, who shared common ancestry. Each African king had a group of ministers and advisers. Strong village states, which were comprised of a strong military, good leadership, and ample resources (e.g., livestock) could grow into powerful kingdoms. The kingdoms of Mali and Songhay were characterized by such strength.

Now, let's focus on why "C" is the correct answer. The first Africans were brought to the New World in the 16th-century. The Norton Anthology of American Literature and John Hope Franklin's From Slavery to Freedom: A History of African Americans claim that the first slaves were brought to Hispaniola (the island now comprised of both Haiti and the Dominican Republic) in 1502, and into other parts of Latin America in the second decade of the sixteenth century. Most West Africans were taken to Brazil and the Caribbean.

Brazil, a nation which currently has the largest population of black people outside of Nigeria, received about forty-five percent of the slaves transported across the Atlantic. Islands in the Caribbean, particularly the Barbados, which had a thriving sugar trade, received another forty-five percent. The thirteen colonies only received around five percent, while the other five percent of slaves were scattered throughout the Americas. 

The response in Answer C is slightly misleading. For, the Caribbean is, of course, a part of North America. Slaves who first disembarked in the Barbados might have been shipped North to other thriving commercial colonies, such as South Carolina or Virginia. By 1834, the British abolished slavery in all of its colonies. Demand for slaves declined in Virginia, though not in South Carolina, in the 1820s as a result of dropping prices for tobacco. As a result, many Virginia slaves were frequently shipped to the Deep South (e.g., East Texas, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Alabama) where the cotton trade thrived. 

What secrets does John Proctor keep in addition to his affair? How is his courage revealed through confrontation with his moral dilemmas?

John Proctor keeps very few secrets.  The big one, obviously, is that he keeps his affair with Abigail Williams a secret.  However, in Act Two, we learn that he kept his recent, short, but private, conversation with Abigail at Reverend Parris's house a secret from her.  In Act Two, John worries that he has no proof of what Abigail told him then because "She told it to [him] in a room alone -- [he has] no proof for it."  Elizabeth is surprised to hear that they were alone because "it is not as [he] told [her]" before.  John angrily responds that he was only alone with Abigail for a moment and that "The others come in soon after."  However, the damage is done; Elizabeth seems convinced that John is still dealing falsely with her.  And he does appear, still, to harbor feelings for Abigail, feelings he obviously keeps secret, or tries to.  In Act One, during that private conversation with Abigail, he admits to her that he "may have looked up" at her window at night and that he "may think of [her] softly from time to time."  Thus, John still seems to have some lingering feelings for Abigail, and he keeps these to himself too.

In Act Three, John reveals his courage by confessing his adulterous affair with Abigail.  He has struggled with whether or not to destroy his reputation in the town, but now that his wife's life, and the lives of his friends' wives, are on the line, he tells the truth.  Similarly, in Act Four, John is courageous when he decides that he cannot swear a lie to keep his life.  He's debated whether to confess a lie and live or to go to his death honestly, and this internal conflict is fueled by his fear that his goodness is already gone.  However, he grapples again with himself, and, in the end, his scruples will not allow him to lie, but because his integrity leads to his death, it is a courageous thing to hold on to.

What are the descriptions of social customs in Beowulf?

Beowulf depicts several social customs of its time, and one of the most significant customs is the process of gift giving. Within the world Beowulf describes, the process of giving gifts is seen as supremely important, and it is especially important to the relationships of lords or kings and their warriors. Usually, kings gave fine gifts (such as rings, armor, weapons, gold, and other treasurers) to warriors who had distinguished themselves on the battlefield or who had shown great courage in general. As such, receiving a sumptuous gift from one's lord was a sign of one's importance within society, and the more gifts a warrior had, the more important he was deemed to be. It is accordingly a great honor when Hrothgar showers Beowulf with gifts, as they function as physical proof of his prowess as a warrior and his status as a hero. Indeed, scarcely a great deed in the poem goes by without a solemn exchange of gifts between the parties involved, and so we can assume that the giving of gifts was a vital social custom at the time of the conception of Beowulf.   

Why should organizations create departments and branches in management?

This question is somewhat confusingly worded, I think.  You won't have departments and branches in management unless and until you have departments and branches in the organization in the first place.  Once these are in place, you will need managers to run them.  So we can talk about why we divide an organization in this manner and then talk about some reasons departments and branches need different managers.

Once an entity begins to grow beyond a few employees, it is usually necessary to divide up the various tasks of the entity.  These might be divided by function; for example, a research and development department, a production department, and a marketing department. Some departments might be included as support as well; for instance, a legal department and a human resources department. An entity can also be organized along geographical lines, with different divisions in different cities, states, regions, or countries. Or an organization can be organized around different products, such as car manufacturers are.  This is necessary because it is the most efficient way to get work done, decentralizing the various tasks in the organization so that each can have specialists in each division and decision-making can occur on the spot. And these are also reasons to have different managers for different divisions. 

A manager of a very small company can be a jack of all trades, knowing enough about everything to keep a company going.  But a company growing larger needs different managers.  Beyond the smallest of companies, there is going to be a need to have different managers who have different areas of expertise to maximize efficiency and effectiveness. If I have a company of three hundred employees, I want someone who is a certified accountant running my accounting division and an attorney running my legal department. I want a production specialist who can figure out why my production line is not running properly.  I also want managers who can make decisions.  One person holding all the reigns is foolish, no matter how much that person wants to micromanage.  It is the manager on the scene who can best judge the situation, or at the very least, be the person who can provide the most full and accurate report. There is also a concept in management called span of control. This describes how many people a manager is responsible for. If a company has one manager for three hundred people, that is too wide a span of control, and the company will not run very smoothly.  We can only be responsible for so much without becoming completely ineffective. 

Our reasons for dividing an organization are grounded in specialization, efficiency, and effectiveness.  Our reasons for providing managers for these divisions are the same, really, allowing for greater expertise, better decision-making, and a realistic span of control.

What are two anecdotes in Jerome's novel Three Men in a Boat?

The dictionary defines an anecdote as “a short, entertaining account of some happening, usually personal or biographical.” Three Men in a Boat is told in anecdotal style, with one story following another. The challenge is to find ones that are short, since the narrator tends to ramble. Let’s confine our search to anecdotes that he shares from the past or from someone else, and not events as they develop on the current river trip.

One such story arises in Chapter IV, when the friends consider whether or not to take cheese along on the boat now. J. is reminded of a time when another friend asked him to take care of some cheeses for him. They had a strong smell; and everywhere J. went, the odor followed him. After he finally delivered the cheeses to his friend, he too decided that they smelled too much. He had to bury them on a beach to get rid of them.

George tells a story about boat tow lines in Chapter IX. On a previous trip, he and some friends came upon a young couple who were walking along the tow path dragging a rope behind them. But whatever boat they had thought they were pulling was nowhere in sight. The two were so lost in conversation that they hadn’t paid attention to the boat. So George and his friends hitched their craft to the couple’s line, allowing them to pull them along. When the young people finally turned around and saw a boat behind them with strangers in it, the woman exclaimed, “Oh Henry, then where is auntie?”

In Swift's Gulliver's Travels, what special attributes does the Emperor of Lilliput possess which set him apart from the common folk?

The emperor of Lilliput is taller, by perhaps a centimeter or so, than anyone else in his court, and Gulliver says that the height difference is enough to impress a beholder.  Likewise, he has "strong and masculine" features, a graceful and regal bearing, and superior posture and proportion.  These seem to set him apart from the rabble, at least for Gulliver.

Besides this, Gulliver tells us that the emperor is almost twenty nine years old, has reigned for approximately seven years, and has been -- for the most part -- victorious and happy all the while.  He is an excellent horseman, quite articulate, and very desirous, at least initially, of showing Gulliver hospitality and courtesy.  He is later revealed to be somewhat less hospitable, especially when thwarted in his plans to defeat Blefuscu.

What is an example of an emotional appeal?

An emotional appeal is a type of persuasion identified by Aristotle that tries to convince an audience by provoking an emotional response. Aristotle referred to emotional appeals as "pathos," which means suffering, and contrasted it to appeals to authority, or ethos, and appeals to logic, or logos.

One famous example of pathos is Maya Angelou's poem, "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings." Angelou uses images invoking empathy for a restrained animal to create a metaphor for the oppression of humans. An example of imagery in the poem that uses pathos is the following:

But a caged bird stands on the grave of dreams
his shadow shouts on a nightmare scream
his wings are clipped and his feet are tied

Phrases like "grave of dreams," "nightmare scream," and "wings are clipped" create images of suffering to create an emotional response in the audience. Describing with vivid language a restrained and miserable animal in a nightmarish trap is meant to invoke a response of empathy for the bird, so it is an example of pathos in literature.

What are two incidents from The Story of My Life that show Helen was mischievous?

Even though young Helen Keller was blind and deaf, she still managed to cause a lot of trouble. In her book, Keller describes how as a little girl she was often accompanied by the cook's daughter. Both girls loved mischief. They got into all kinds of trouble together.

We were busy cutting out paper dolls; but we soon wearied of this amusement, and after cutting up our shoestrings and clipping all the leaves off the honeysuckle that were within reach, I turned my attention to Martha's corkscrews (Chapter 2).

Since Helen Keller lost her sense of sight and hearing to an a toddler, she wasn’t really able to communicate with the adults around her as effectively as they would have liked. She used her own special language of signs that Martha Washington understood. Her parents could communicate with her this way, too, but they still found discipline difficult.

The incidents little Helen was involved in were not all harmless.

One morning I locked my mother up in the pantry, where she was obliged to remain three hours, as the servants were in a detached part of the house. She kept pounding on the door, while I sat outside on the porch steps and laughed with glee as I felt the jar of the pounding (Chapter 2).

After this incident and a few others, including one where an impatient Helen caught herself on fire and caused burns to her hands and hair, her parents decided she needed a teacher. When you cannot give a child proper guidance, the child just runs wild. This is especially problematic when that child is as creative, intelligent, and mischievous as little Helen was.

Helen's parents hired Anne Sullivan as her teacher because they were not close to a school for the blind. Sullivan was able to teach Helen proper sign language even though she was deaf and blind, and soon Helen could communicate much more completely.

A chemical reaction is a process that changes some chemical substances into others. What is involved in the process of forming these new chemical...

A chemical reaction, at its core, is the forming and breaking of molecular bonds. When two substances combine to become one (for example, when sodium plus chlorine becomes sodium chloride), what is really happening at the deepest level is  the formation of molecular bonds. When one substance splits apart into two (water, dihydrogen monoxide, becomes hydrogen and oxygen), what is really happening is the breaking of molecular bonds.

Both can also occur in the same reaction—for example, sodium hydroxide, NaHO, combined with hydrochloric acid, HCl, results in water, H2O, plus sodium chloride, NaCl. The Na splits from the HO and the H splits from the Cl, then the H and HO recombine into H2O and the Na and Cl recombine into NaCl. Two bonds are broken, and then two new bonds are formed. This is what distinguishes a chemical reaction from just physically mixing things; mixtures don't bond together at the molecular level, but chemical compounds do.

What decides which bonds break and which ones form? Well, a really detailed answer involves the quantum mechanics of electrons. The simpler answer is that stronger bonds have a larger gap (a larger binding energy) between the energy of the molecule and the energy of its constituent parts, so they are easier to form and harder to break.

How does Rousseau's concept of the "general will" relate to the concept of majority rule in a representative government?

Rousseau discusses the concept of general will in relation to freedom and authority in a representative government in The Social Contract of 1762. His contention about freedom is that not only is it part of humankind's natural state--associated with humankind's original benevolent laws of nature making humankind free and wise--freedom is aimed at meeting the common good through the general will emerging from justice and collective interest. Because of this benevolence, wisdom and freedom, Rousseau believed that the general will--different and distinct from contradictory individual or group will--leads to laws derived from the collective interest of the people and dedicated to the common good, expressed in representative form of government in a republic.

For Rousseau, general will arose from inner conscience and passion and was politically expressed. Debate was not needed to uncover the general consensus of will. Rather the general will was the upwelling of individuals' consciences and senses of inner commitment, or passions. In other words, for Rousseau, the action of participating in the function of representation was the seed for the formation of the republic, and the majority vote, or majority rule, represented the soundest expression of the general will of the people, which derived from a sense of justice and a moral standpoint, which Rousseau assumed each individual possessed.

How does Gregor's mother react to seeing Gregor for the first time after his transformation in Kafka's The Metamorphosis?

Understandably, Gregor's mother has a very difficult time accepting her son's metamorphosis into a giant insect. She is upset when she first sees him. The first time she witnesses what he has become, she is so horrified that she passes out cold. Her husband and daughter, worried by her frail state and poor health, try to keep her from witnessing the depth of his transformation, but to no avail.  

Of course, Gregor's mother wants to help him and be supportive of him, but she cannot bear the sight of him. The interesting thing is that she still feels love for him. She wants to protect him from the world's cruelty, even though she herself is having a hard time hanging on to her conviction that they keep Gregor. His sister, Grete, who initially took care of Gregor, now wants him gone, but his mother defends him, insisting they keep his furniture. She holds out hope that Gregor will one day return to his former self. 

`int (ln(x))^2/x dx` Find the indefinite integral.

`int (ln(x))^2/xdx`

To solve, apply u-substitution method. 

Let,

`u= ln x`

Then, differentiate it.

`du=1/xdx`

Plug-in them to the integral.

`int (ln(x))^2/xdx`

`= int (ln(x))^2 * 1/xdx`

`=int u^2 du`

Then, apply the formula, `int x^ndx=x^(n+1)/(n+1)+C` .

`=u^3/3+C`

And, substitute back `u=lnx` .

`= (ln(x))^3/3+C`

Therefore, `int (ln(x))^2/x dx = (ln(x))^3/3+C` .

What is the main theme of the novel Lord of the Flies by William Golding?

The main theme throughout the novel Lord of the Flies examines the inherent evil that is present in each individual. Golding explores how humans have a natural affinity for violence and savagery when given the opportunity to interact in an environment without rules and regulations. At the beginning of the novel, the boys attempt to create an organized, democratic society in order to survive and possibly be rescued. As the novel progresses, the social order gradually breaks down as the boys become increasingly brutal. Jack becomes the tyrannical leader of his group of savages and encourages violence and barbarism. Golding uses the "beast" on the island to metaphorically represent the boys' wickedness. Only Simon understands the true nature of the "beast," but is unfortunately murdered when he is mistaken for it. Golding believes that humans are inherently wicked individuals, and that without society's laws, people would resort back to their savage, primitive instincts.

What strong social statement is Bradbury making about the future of humans in a technological world in Fahrenheit 451? What does he feel society...

While many science fiction writers are techno-optimists who assume the advance of technology will improve human wisdom, Bradbury is a pessimist who sees the technology of mass media and electronic entertainment as leading to stultification of the human spirit and a tyranny of the lowest common denominator of thought. He sees the very difficulty of books as their virtue and the ease of consumption of television as leading to a dumbing down of the populace.

In Fahrenheit 451, Bradbury argues that mass media becomes a narcotic (similar to Marx's notion of religion as the "opiate of the masses") and that the way it contributes to its mental pacification of the populace is by avoiding anything that might give offense to anyone and thus anything that might awake people from their mental torpor.

On these grounds, Bradbury is especially opposed to all forms of censorship. Although when he wrote this book, the dominant anti-censorship battles had to do with issues of sexuality and religion, he would have found equally abhorrent recent efforts to stymie free speech under such guises as "trigger warnings" or "hate speech". He would not feel that college students should be protected from things they found offensive. Instead, he would argue that being offended is a form of active engagement and that the job of the writer is to make readers think and react—even if some readers are offended in the process. 

He feels that to save society one must sustain the possibility of dissenting voices saying things that make us feel uncomfortable and that challenge accepted beliefs and certainties. 

Did Einstein become Jewish to get caught by the Nazis?

There is no evidence that Einstein “became Jewish” or converted to Judaism in order to be “caught by the Nazis.” Furthermore, there is no reason to think that he, or anyone else, would actually want to do so.

All of the evidence shows us that Einstein’s family was Jewish. There is no evidence that Einstein converted to Judaism. Moreover, it does not seem at all logical to think that Einstein did convert. He was a secular Jew, which means that he did not practice Jewish religious rituals or observe Jewish religious law. It makes no sense that someone would convert to Judaism and then not follow Jewish teachings.

Additionally, it is very difficult to imagine anyone would have wanted to be “caught by the Nazis.”  Because Einstein was Jewish, he was forced to leave his homeland.  He lost his job (though he easily found another in the United States) and had his property confiscated when the Nazis came to power in 1933. (Luckily for Einstein, he was already in the US at that time.) It is inconceivable that someone would voluntarily change their religion specifically in order to be persecuted.

There is no reason to believe Albert Einstein converted to Judaism for any reason, let alone that he did so in order to be persecuted by the Nazis.

Describe the opposing attitudes toward Great Britain that colonists held prior to and during the Revolutionary War. How did different social groups...

There were different attitudes in the colonies toward Great Britain prior to and during the Revolutionary War. Each group had reasons for supporting the side they did. Since you have asked several questions in this post, I will mainly focus on your first statement and briefly touch upon the others.

There were people who believed we should remain loyal to Great Britain. These people believed that Great Britain had the right to run the colonies in any manner that they wanted. They believed that Great Britain took a risk in establishing and in running the colonies. This gave them the authority to do what they felt what was necessary in order to make them successful. These people also were concerned there would be chaos if Great Britain was defeated.

Some people wanted to remain loyal to Great Britain for economic reasons. The colonists got many products from Great Britain that were not made in the colonies. Some people worked for the British government. These people would have lost their jobs if Great Britain was defeated.

Other people wanted to remain loyal for religious reasons. The King of England was the head of the Anglican Church. These people felt they couldn’t disobey the King since he was the leader of the Church of England.

The Native Americans and some slaves tended to be on the side of the British. The Native Americans didn’t trust the colonists and feared the colonists would take away their land. Some slaves supported the British because they were promised their freedom if Great Britain won the war.

There were other people who believed we needed to be free from the rule of the British. They believed the British were violating the rights of the colonists. They felt the tax laws were illegal because the colonists had no representatives in Parliament that could vote on the taxes. They felt the British were trying to control them by preventing the colonists from moving to the new lands that we had just gained from France as a result of the French and Indian War. They were unhappy with the Proclamation of 1763 and with the Quartering Act. The Quartering Act required the colonists to provide housing for the British troops that were enforcing the unpopular Proclamation of 1763.

More people began to feel the colonists should be free from the British rule after there were violent confrontations with the British. People became concerned after five colonists were killed in the Boston Massacre. After the Intolerable Acts were passed to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party, the colonists formed their own militias as they expected some fighting to occur. After the battles at Lexington and at Concord, during which both sides suffered casualties, many people believed it was only a matter of time before we would declare our independence. Throughout the war, these people believed we were fighting for our rights and to stop the abuses of the British government.

Each group of people had various reasons for supporting the rule of the British or for joining the colonists in their fight for freedom.

What is Shakespeare's art of characterization?

Shakespeare’s art of characterization—his power of creating personality through diction, revealing psychology through the words his characters speak and think—is the essence of his genius, and the reason for his enduring importance. As if often observed, the narratives of Shakespeare’s plays are almost all adapted from prior sources. His great originality consists in the richly textured and verbally exuberant characters, major and minor, with which he populates those familiar stories.

The most important early step in developing an appreciation for Shakespeare is acquiring sufficient confidence in understanding his language and its meanings that one is able to distinguish between the diverse voices of his characters. For many  students, unfamiliar with Elizabethan/Jacobean vocabulary and the rhythms of iambic pentameter speech, all the characters might sound as if they speak in an identically “old-fashioned” or “elevated” idiom. But once reading or hearing Shakespeare begins to feel more natural, one finds that Claudius sounds vastly different from Gertrude, Horatio from Polonius, Ophelia from the gravedigger—and all of them are light-years removed from Hamlet himself, who is probably the most searching, penetrating, and sophisticated intellect that Shakespeare ever created.

Entire libraries have been written about Shakespeare’s art of characterization, so no comprehensive answer to your question is possible. But I’ll direct you to two critical viewpoints that may be suggestive and helpful in pondering the nature of this art.

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel made one of my favorite remarks about Shakespeare when he observed that his great characters are “free artists of themselves.” That is to say that Shakespeare’s most memorable men and women—beginning with characters like Berowne in Love’s Labour’s Lost and the titular tyrant of Richard III, and climaxing with amazingly vital figures like Hamlet, Macbeth, Falstaff (Henry IV), and Iago (Othello)—are improvisational poets, clowns, raconteurs, and philosophers of amazing brilliance, performing in the dramas of their own lives. They strive with the full force of their souls to author, analyze, revise, and direct this drama before our very eyes, to alter it, control it, or simulate and reproduce it (like Hamlet with his Mousetrap). The entire plot of Othello is essentially an elaborate deception, a play within a play devised and improvised by Iago, with Othello, Desdemona, and Cassio ensnared as his unwitting actors.

The second critical notion I want to reference for you is one from Harold Bloom, who quotes that wonderful line of Hegel’s in his book Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human. Bloom locates Shakespeare’s ultimate originality of characterization in a phenomenon he calls “self-overhearing” and discusses throughout the book, the phenomenon by which a character (such as Hamlet) observes himself speaking, or thinking, and is changed or enlightened by this process of self-expression and self-definition.

Bloom’s idea is closely related to Hegel’s; Shakespeare’s characters are aware of themselves as dramatic personalities, players in a drama they don’t fully comprehend but which they are trying to revise, enacted on a stage as large as the whole history of the human race. The soliloquy is Shakespeare’s primary tool in portraying the art of self-overhearing—an art, Bloom argues (and I agree), that is not confined to Shakespeare but that every one of us practices, alone or in the presence of others, every day.

What makes Shakespeare’s characters so very different from us—even as they feel things we feel and help us to understand ourselves more deeply—is that the soliloquy allows them to express their inmost thoughts and conflicts through language, whereas most of us, when we are alone, think through difficult matters silently, in a verbally vague and fragmentary way. This, too, marks them as “artists.” Diction, word choice, and poetic language are the wellspring from which Shakespearean character arises.

Listening to these characters think about and try to define their own lives and their own natures, you discover zestful and visionary creative minds in action. Shakespeare was not just a great artist, but a creator of great artists, with desires, values, ambitions, and imaginative sensibilities all their own.

How do we make sure a laser light is perpendicular to a diffraction grating when conducting a diffraction grating experiment?

We can just eyeball it, basically. For most applications, it simply isn't important if the laser is exactly perpendicular or a degree or two off in either direction. If the angles in each direction differ slightly, we can just average them.

If you do actually need to line it up precisely, you can measure the two diffraction angles in each direction,` theta_R ` on the right and `theta_L` on the left. You can then slowly adjust the positioning of the grating until these two angles are exactly equal to within the available precision. The precision of alignment depends upon the precision of your angle measurements and the precision with which you can move the grating.

Like I said, though, for most practical purposes, you can just line it up so it looks close enough. Sometimes exact science isn't an exact science.

What is a good conclusion for a geography project about meteorological instruments?

A good conclusion should wrap up your meteorological instruments project and give you one last chance to support your ideas on the topic. A conclusion allows you to make new connections and relate the findings of your project to a broader issue or new area of thought. 

Your conclusion may answer one or more of the following questions:

• Why was my project important?


• What knowledge or ideas do I want the reader to take away from my project?


• What points do I need to fit together and synthesize?


• Is there an action I want my reader to take after learning about my project?


• Are there broader implications that need to be considered?

When writing a conclusion, you should avoid stating your thesis for the first time or introducing new evidence. The conclusion is a wrap-up of your project and should not include new information, just expand on the information already introduced. You should also avoid restating your thesis statement without expanding on your ideas. Finally, emotional pleas or personal information about the topic do not belong in an academic paper.

Without seeing your actual project, I cannot provide a specific conclusion for your topic, but I hope the above tips will help you come up with an outstanding conclusion based on your work.

How is Animal Farm unrealistic?

Even Orwell himself described Animal Farm as a "fairy story." It involves animals who formulate a revolutionary ideology and stage a rebellion in which they steal a farm. They then set up a society on the farm that is more or less based on "Animalism," an ideology loosely based on communism. A group of pigs write "commandments" that the animals are to live by, and they have political debates, sing songs, and formulate grand plans to build windmills and other extravagant works. Throughout the story, they talk, gesture to each other, and express fairly obviously human emotions. By the end of the story, the pigs have begun to dress as humans, to walk upright, and are scarcely distinguishable from human beings. They have become transformed physically just as the society of Animal Farm has become corrupted. None of these things, of course, are intended to be believable. Rather, Animal Farm is an allegory for the society that has arisen in the Soviet Union, intended to demonstrate how ideals can become corrupted by power. This aspect of the book, sadly, is all too realistic.

You are given a mixture of NaCl and NH4Cl. Name and define the technique which can be used to obtain NH4Cl from the above mixture.

We have a mixture of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and sodium chloride (NaCl).  These are both white solids that will be essentially visually indistinguishable from each other.  The name of the technique we can use to separate them is called sublimation.  Sublimation is the act of a solid passing directly from the solid phase to the gaseous phase while completely bypassing the liquid phase.  Ammonium chloride is capable of sublimating while sodium chloride is not.  So if we take the mixture and heat it, the ammonium chloride will turn into a gas and separate from the solid sodium chloride which will not undergo any change.  The gas vapors rising up in the air can be condensed on a cold surface to convert back into a solid.  This re-condensed ammonium chloride can then be scraped off the cold surface to collect the separated solid.

What is the significance of the title of the story "Araby" by James Joyce?

James Joyce's short story "Araby" chronicles a little boy's attempt to impress a neighborhood girl, called Mangan's sister, by traveling to a local bazaar called Araby and buying her a gift. The boy (who, curiously enough, is never actually given a name), is fascinated by the exotic, as he's grown up reading books in the library of his home (a selection of tomes that includes a historical romance) and is prone to romanticizing women, a fact evidenced by his obsession with Mangan's sister.

The word and title "Araby" is an important reference to this overarching theme of the exotic. Joyce says, "the syllables of the word Araby were called to me through the silence in which my soul luxuriated and cast an Eastern enchantment over me," and so we can see that the word suggests a stereotypical vision of the "exotic Orient." Indeed, the word "Araby" itself seems to be fashioned in part by the words "Arab" or "Arabic." As such, the title "Araby" is significant because it signifies the author's childish preoccupation with an imagined, exotic realm that may exist in romantic fiction, but that does not actually exist in real life. Much of the story focuses on the narrator's discovery of this fact, and his realization that his fascination with the "exotic" has been nothing more than a boyhood fantasy. 

1. What types of skills do managers need? 2. Does the importance of these skills change depending on managerial level?

There is a consensus among management experts that the types of skills managers need include critical thinking, financial and accounting fundamentals, communicating and responding, conflict resolution, coaching in job performance and motivation and corporate vision and values, strategic thinking and planning, group collaboration, and project management skills.

Critical thinking skills allow for analysis of the established ways of doing things and of perceiving things. Critical thinkers ask "Why?" and "How?" things are, have come to be and should remain or be changed. They also ask "What?," for example, as in "What would a new hire for my position do to fix the problem(s) we're facing?" Critical thinkers seek the underlying factors and the most effective directions through critical analysis of available facts and through gaining perspective by seeing through others' points of view.

Financial and accounting skills provide the means for casting accurate budgets, interpreting financial reports, forecasting return on investment reports, and projecting costs and profits for projects.

Communicating vital information is a paramount responsibility for managers who are tasked with downward communication of knowledge covering everything from job descriptions, task processes, projects specifications, production design or changes, to corporate vision, organizational values and ethics and corporate structural changes.

Conflict resolution is of growing importance as global corporations include an ever increasing array of individuals from diverse backgrounds and varied cultural and ethnic groups. 

Coaching is valuable as a tool to increase and direct job skills and motivation and to bring employees into alignment with the corporate vision and values so that vision, values and ethical behavior are homogeneous horizontally and vertically throughout the organization.

Strategic thinking and planning are requisite for meeting corporate, department and project objectives and goals.

Collaboration in teams and groups that is effective builds trust throughout and between groups and teams. It breaks down barriers to efficiency produced by divisive informal separation. Effective collaboration engenders optimal performance and maximizes outcomes and outputs.

Project management facilitates successfully led, directed and motivated projects from beginning to end so that all participants work according to the same project language, with the same project tools and toward the same outputs or outcomes.

How would you explain the poem "The Gardener" by Robert Louis Stevenson?

"The Gardener" by Robert Louis Stevenson is a poem from the collection A Child's Garden of Verses. It is written for an audience of children. The narrator of the poem is a young boy. We can tell that he is of the upper middle or upper classes as his family can afford a large garden, a gardener, and a cook. 

The young boy wants to live in the moment and play and seems quite disappointed that the gardener is focused on his job and does not want to chat or play. Although Stevenson does not put it in these terms, we can see this as an example of a certain type of entitlement or privilege of a young, well-off boy whose perspective is quite narrowly limited to his own desire to be entertained. The boy resents the rules and necessities of the adult world.

The poem is organized into five quatrains rhymed AABB. The meter of the poem is iambic tetrameter. Generically, it is a "carpe diem" poem, arguing for enjoying the nice weather before the winter. As with the traditional carpe diem poem, which urges a woman to yield to sexual advances of a lover because life is short, the arguments appear on the surface plausible until one thinks about real consequences. Just as the young maidens who yielded up their virtue risked social ostracism, diseases, and pregnancy, so the gardener, if he stops working to play or leaves the shed unlocked so that the tools might get damaged or stolen, risks losing his job and livelihood. The gardener, after all, is not a spoiled rich child but a hardworking man in economically precarious circumstances (servants were not well paid in this period). Thus while a child reading the poem might sympathize with the narrator, as adults we can see that the actual situation is not simply one of adults being boring but of adults having responsibilities and of actions having consequences.

Do the townspeople know the lottery's purpose? Is its omission for readers significant? Is it intentional?

The exact purpose of the lottery held in Shirley Jackson's "The Lottery" is never explained. It seems like the lottery is so old that none of the townspeople can even remember why it began. This omission is certainly significant and intentional. It is intended to show that the townspeople are only continuing to hold these horrible annual ceremonies because of superstition and tradition. The reader can see the town would be better off if they gave up the lottery.

The oldest man in the gathering is called "Old Man Warner." He is a staunch supporter of the lottery but hasn't any better understanding of its original purpose than anyone else. 

Old Man Warner snorted. "Pack of crazy fools," he said. "Listening to the young folks, nothing's good enough for them. Next thing you know, they'll be wanting to go back to living in caves, nobody work any more, live that way for a while. Used to be a saying about 'Lottery in June, corn be heavy soon.' First thing you know, we'd all be eating stewed chickweed and acorns. There's always been a lottery," he added petulantly.

The saying, "Lottery in June, corn be heavy soon," strongly suggests the present-day lottery is descended from some ancient agricultural fertility ritual. Old Man Warner suggests the crops would not grow without the annual human sacrifice and that everyone would subsist at the level of primitive hunter-gatherers. He is the staunch exponent of superstition and tradition.

Create an organization chart for the company that you currently work for, or for a company that you have worked for in the past. Alternatively,...

An organizational chart shows the relationships between people who work at a company, as well as the relationships between the departments or functions of the company. It is usually completed in a hierarchical fashion, with the head of the organization at the top, followed by the people who are close to the top in the hierarchy and working its way down to the people who have lower levels in the organization.

For example, a manufacturing company's organizational chart might show the Board of Directors at the top, at the same level as the chairperson or president of the company. Beneath that person might be branches to different functions or departments of the company. The vice-presidents in charge of sales, manufacturing, human resources, and accounting might all be at the same level. Within each of those departments, there might be further divisions, such as into different regional sales departments (East Coast, Midwest, West Coast, South, etc.), and into the different positions in each department. For example, the human resources department might include a vice-president, human resource generalists below that person, and a person who conducts training below that person or people. Generally, people who share the same position are at the same level. To figure out the organizational chart for the company you choose, you might have to interview someone who works there or someone who works in the human resources department to fill you in about the different positions in the company and how they are ranked and organized.  

What are the functions of the computer?

There are four basic functions of a computer. These include input, processing, output, and storage. Input includes entering data through the keyboard or other means, such as cameras or DVDs. Processing refers to the internal functions the computer uses to deal with the information that is entered into it and to transform it in different ways. Processing is the most vital function that computers carry out. Most computers have a control unit, random access memory unit, and arithmetic logic unit to carry out processing functions. Output refers to creating and displaying information for the user of the computer through visual display, printing, speakers, or other means. Finally, storage refers to saving data. Data can be stored in the central processing unit or in auxiliary units such as external hard drives. 

What is the tone of Lincoln's "Gettysburg Address" speech?

The purpose of the Gettysburg Address was to dedicate a Civil War battlefield. Lincoln helped put the war in a larger context—that it was a war to protect government "of the people" from "perishing from the Earth." Lincoln uses the line "of the people" to frame the war as a war to protect the Founding Fathers' view of the nation. Lincoln takes a reverential tone when he states the people gathered at Gettysburg that November afternoon could not "dedicate" or "consecrate" that land any more than the soldiers who died there the previous July. Lincoln's concise speech always keeps the focus on the soldiers buried there. Also, Lincoln does not differentiate between the Confederate and Union dead—he seems to value them both equally.  

Lincoln gave this speech at a time when, while the Confederacy was losing power, the outcome of the war was in doubt. The war had already killed hundreds of thousands of men on both sides, and many in the Union were asking if the war was worth the cost. By framing the war as a battle to maintain the Founding Fathers' view of the nation, Lincoln states the Union's success is critical.  

What is the meaning of the poem "The Road not Taken" by Robert Frost?

This poem is deceptively simple but actually quite complicated. The narrator pauses between two roads, and they are about the same. The poem reads, "the passing there/Had worn them really about the same," meaning that the roads are both worn down to the same degree and have had the same amount of traffic. He chooses one of the roads, not really knowing what it will hold, and he anticipates in the future that it will be hard to explain why he did so. The poem reads, "I shall be telling this with a sigh." While taking the less traveled road has "made all the difference," it was hard for him to predict in the moment which road would be better. The narrator seems to live with constant regret, no matter which choice he makes. The meaning of the poem is that it's difficult to make these types of choices, to know which path to take in advance, and one might never know if one was right or feel secure in these types of choices. 

`int (4x^3 + 3)/(x^4 + 3x) dx` Find the indefinite integral.

`int (4x^3+3)/(x^4+3x)dx`

To solve, apply u-substitution method. So let:

`u= x^4+3x`

Then, differentiate it.

`du=(4x^3+3)dx`

Plug-in them to the integral. 

`int (4x^3+3)/(x^4+3x)dx`

`= int 1/(x^4+3x)* (4x^3+3)dx`

`=int1/udu`

Then, apply the integral formula  `int 1/xdx = ln|x| + C` .

`= ln|u| + C`

And, substitute back  `u=x^4+3x` .

`=ln |x^4+3x|+C`

Therefore,  `int (4x^3+3)/(x^4+3x)dx = ln|x^4+3x|+C` .

Companies use specialized jobs because they are economical and easy to learn and don’t require highly paid workers. However, specialized jobs...

I think the hardest to do will be the secretary and the paralegal, so those are the ones I'm going to do.

The secretary works for an insurance company. He may have very advanced clerical skills, but little or no knowledge of insurance. So how can we rotate him to other jobs in a way that will actually be useful?

I think the way to do it is to retrain all clerical staff and claims adjusters to perform both roles---so that each claims adjuster files their own paperwork from start to finish. This constitutes both job rotation and job enlargement. This would have a number of benefits for customers---if one person is in charge of your file from start to finish, it's less likely to get mixed in, misunderstood, or simply lost. This would also allow the claims adjusters to build closer relationships with their clients, since each one would have fewer clients and do more work for each one.

That would provide one of the most powerful intrinsic motivations of all: social contact. Interacting socially with other human beings is such a powerful motivation that it can override literally everything else, even survival as a soldier falls upon a grenade to save his comrades. It is the one thing we don't take away from prisoners unless we want to give them the maximum possible punishment. Allowing claims adjusters to build closer relationships with clients instead of seeing them as numbers on a page could radically improve their well-being, and thus we might not even have to raise salaries in order to attract the better talent we would need. If we did need to raise salaries, we could also afford to raise premiums, because customer satisfaction is also likely to significantly improve.

In terms of the job characteristics model, we have definitely expanded skill variety and improved task identity. The plan could be structured to increase autonomy and task significance as well. Feedback was probably already fairly good, but now it is directly tied to the outcome of each claim, rather than specifically to the paperwork portion of many claims.

The paralegal does research. She probably knows the law fairly well, but she is not licensed as a lawyer, so she can't go to trial by herself. We can't simply rotate lawyers and paralegals, and lawyer wages are so astronomical that we really can't afford to use the lawyers' time at anything except that which absolutely requires their attention. So we seem to be in a bind.

What I think we can do is at least rotate the paralegals with each other, so that each one performs multiple roles in the firm within the broader umbrella of paralegals. This is job rotation. They could be assigned to whole cases: Instead of one paralegal for research, another for discovery, another for writing motions, we would have each paralegal do research, discovery, and motions on a single case. This would give the cases more unity, and reduce the likelihood of gaps or redundancies that could have been introduced by cycling between different hands.

This could provide some intrinsic motivation as well, as it would tie each paralegal to her own case, which she can be more emotionally invested in. While the overall workload would not decrease, the number of names, faces, and events she must be familiar with would, because she isn't trying to keep track of three cases at once. Still, we'll probably have to raise salaries, and it's not clear that this would actually be cost-effective for the firm.

In terms of the job characteristics model, the main benefit is in terms of task identity and task significance---this is a single case, a unified whole, and its outcome depends upon your work. Autonomy is unlikely to improve much, as paralegals are by necessity strongly bound to the authority of the licensed lawyers they work under. But feedback could improve, as each paralegal would be accustomed to following the whole case to its conclusion, rather than moving on as soon as their particular task is done.

Find by `dy/dx` implicit differentiation `x^2-4xy+y^2=4`

We are asked to find `(dy)/(dx) ` if ` x^2-4xy+y^2=4 `

Note that this is difficult to write as a function of x, so we take the derivative implicitly:

Working term by term:

`d/(dx)( x^2)=2x `

`d/(dx)( -4xy)=-4y-4x(dy)/(dx) `  using the product rule

`d/(dx)(y^2)=2y(dy)/(dx) `

So we get `2x-4y-4x(dy)/(dx)+2y(dy)/(dx)=0 `

`(dy)/(dx)(2y-4x)=4y-2x `

`(dy)/(dx)=(4y-2x)/(2y-4x)=(2y-x)/(y-2x) `

-------------------------------------------------------

`(dy)/(dx)=(x-2y)/(2x-y) `

Is the US an empire?

Yes, the United States of America is an empire. All empires throughout history have had immense lands, vast trade networks, and influence in international policy. The United States controls a large portion of the North American continent, as well as islands in the Pacific such as Hawaii and American Samoa. The US controls much of the world's trade—the New York Stock Exchange is the largest stock exchange in the world, and its rises and falls influence trade in Europe and Asia. American culture also helps drive foreign markets, as American multinational corporations such as McDonald's and Disney are considered international brands.

The US is also a key player in international foreign policy. The US is expected to take the lead role in fighting ISIS. The UN is based in the United States, and American troops made up the majority of NATO-led missions in Bosnia and the Middle East. American-made munitions are considered the standard for many armies. The US is also one of the leaders in combating weapons of mass destruction and nuclear proliferation. The US is not only an empire, but, due to its political, cultural, and economic influence, one of the largest empires in world history.  

How do you separate salt from a solution?

The best way to separate salt from a solution would be to use evaporation. Salt can easily dissolve in water and its solubility increases with as the temperature increases. Filtration is not an applicable method to separate salt which is visibly a solid when dry because salt readily dissolves in water and forms a homogeneous solution. Electrolysis has also been stated to be capable of separating salt from water. The resulting products are different, however, and salt (NaCl) will not be obtained due to breakdown.

To obtain salt (solute) from a solution, one would simply heat the solution until the boiling point is reached. Water (solvent) will also start evaporating at this point, leaving behind salt in its solid form. The evaporating water can also be condensed and collected in a separate container.

How does "Ode on a Grecian Urn" by John Keats reflect the theme that art is immortal?

The images on the urn are frozen in time. Presumably, if the urn survives the effects of erosion and decay, those images will remain there forever. Likewise, a poem (such as "Ode on a Grecian Urn") can exist forever as long as it continues to be read. There is an immortality to poetry that visual art cannot capture because the poem can be written or passed on orally. 

Keats isn't just suggesting that art is immortal. He is philosophizing on what that immortality means and what its value is. The melodies he imagines from the pipes on the urn are "sweeter" because they are always there to be imagined. Melodies that are actually heard (in real life) might be flawed and only exist for a certain amount of time. Therefore, the unheard melodies shown on the urn are superior. On the other hand, isn't there something flawed about a melody that is not heard? The lovers are always almost kissing, but they never do. So, although the urn expresses immortal images and ideas, they do not "live" so to speak. 

In short, there are benefits and drawbacks to art's immortality. The urn shows a number of things that are immortal and frozen in time, but those images lack the lived experience that makes them come alive. The urn is immortal but "cold." Art, such as the urn or this poem, is flawless in its immortality, but also lifeless. How can something be immortal but not alive?

Keats ends with a cryptic line about beauty and truth. Given this discussion of life and art, he might be suggesting that truth and beauty manifest in life and art in different ways. In other words, the truth of art's immortality is not the same as the truth of an immortal (human) life, but there is beauty in both notions. 

What is the main theme of Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl?

The themes of Anne Frank's diary are developed through the cat-and-mouse relationship between the innocent people who are hiding in the upstairs rooms and the powerful Nazi forces that are searching for Jewish civilians to send to their extermination camps. What gives the diary texture and importance is the deadly game Anne and her family and friends are forced to play. They are in imminent danger of being arrested if they make a bit of noise. They must behave like guilty fugitives, while the real guilty parties, the Nazis, are free to roam the city and intrude everywhere.

What is impressive about the book written by such a young girl is that the fugitives all try to lead conventional lives in spite of the horror of their situation. While terrible events take place outside the rooms, Anne continues to document many of the ordinary parts of her life as she grows up. Anne herself continues to study just as if she were still going to school. She is not oblivious to the danger they are all in, but she insists on remaining civilized in an uncivilized world. The themes of self-discovery and optimism are conveyed as Anne writes about the ordinary struggles and interactions taking place inside her little world. Though they undoubtably face unusual danger, the inhabitants of the annex struggle with normal interpersonal problems such as Anne's sparring with Peter and her conflicted feelings about her mother and sister. Though these minor events may seem unimportant, they demonstrate the unwillingness of the fugitives, including Anne, to let the looming threat of the Nazis completely overshadow or define their own lives. Despite the confining situation in which she must live, Anne manages to grow as into a more thoughtful and perceptive young woman, refusing to lose faith in the ultimate goodness in people's hearts. "The Diary of a Young Girl" has become a classic because of the gravity of the conditions under which it was written. In the end the fugitives are all captured, which shows that the danger was always present and always very real.

In the play The Merchant of Venice, what does Shylock mean when he says "My deeds upon my head"?

In Act four, Scene 1, Portia is attempting to settle the dispute between Shylock and Antonio. After Shylock admits to the bond, Portia tells Shylock that he must be merciful. She demands that Shylock shows mercy on Antonio in the same manner that God shows mercy on mankind. Shylock then says, "My deeds upon my head!" (Shakespeare 4.1.204). Shylock's comment essentially translates to him saying that he will answer for his own behavior. Shylock is telling Portia that he will take responsibility for his own decisions. He does not care that he will possibly face damnation for not showing mercy to others and disobeying the law of God. Portia then asks Shylock if he can settle with Antonio, and Bassanio explains to her that he already offered Shylock twice the bond. However, Shylock remains obstinate and refuses to settle, claiming that all he wants is his bond.

Why did people eat crushed emeralds during the plague?

Crushed emeralds was one of many remedies used to treat the bubonic plague.  For those who could afford this expensive remedy, emerald gemstones were ground up into a very fine powder using a mortar and pestle.  The powder would then be ingested by the ill patient.  Sometimes it was mixed with a liquid, and other times it was placed on the tongue and swallowed.  It could also be mixed with food.  Even though the powder was finely ground, it still had the texture of crushed glass.  This emerald powder, like most remedies, did nothing to cure the plague.

Those who became ill with the bubonic plague had few effective treatment options.  Little was known about medicine during the Black Death.  In desperation, many turned to remedies.  Remedies ranged from leeches to draining the buboes to drinking mercury.  Most of these remedies caused more harm to the patient's already weakened body.

How is the term "capital" defined?

Capital can sometimes be a difficult word to understand in the business world thanks to the fact that it is used in a couple of similar—but different—ways. 

Perhaps the most common definition of capital refers to the total number of assets that a business has at its disposal that will be able to help generate income for the organization. When referring to capital, a person may be mentioning physical assets—such as crops or appliances; however, they also may be speaking about financial assets, like those found in investments.

Others may speak about capital in ways in which they are referring to the money that a company has invested into the process of buying assets. In this instance, an organization might raise capital if they receive donations or other contributions.

How is satire used in "The Devil and Tom Walker"?

Satire is the use of hyperbole, irony, and humor to critique people, institutions, and even social norms. The purpose of satire is to alert people to crucial problems in society and to encourage specific changes.

In The Devil and Tom Walker, Washington Irving uses satire to criticize greedy moneylenders, shrewish women, hypocritical leaders, and biased historians.

Tom's wife is described as "a tall termagant, fierce of temper, loud of tongue, and strong of arm. Her voice was often heard in wordy warfare with her husband." In the 18th century, it was believed that shrewish women exhibited traits antithetical to those expected of a refined woman. When Tom shares the story of his encounter with Old Scratch, Tom's wife demands that he "comply with the black man's terms and secure what would make them wealthy for life." For her part, Tom's wife decides to take things into her own hands when her husband perversely refuses to comply with her demands.

She goes and meets with Old Scratch himself, taking with her "the silver teapot and spoons and every portable article of value." Washington Irving uses situational irony to critique the actions of an overbearing and shrewish wife; her actions reward her with the opposite of what she's hoped for. Instead of reaping great rewards from her efforts, she becomes the victim of Old Scratch and is "never heard of more."

The narrator tells us that "What was her real fate nobody knows, in consequence of so many pretending to know. It is one of those facts that have become confounded by a variety of historians." Here, Washington Irving is critiquing the problem of biased historians corrupting the truth about historical events. In the story, some say Tom's wife had "eloped with the household booty"; still others imagine that Old Scratch had decoyed her into a dismal quagmire." Meanwhile, there are those who support the theory that she had "lost her way among the tangled mazes of the swamp and sunk into some pit or slough." So, there's a variety of stories about the fate of Tom's wife, all suppositions engendered from the imaginations and biased perceptions of various parties.

In the story, Washington Irving also satirizes corrupt moneylenders and hypocritical leaders. Ministers and great men of the colony are portrayed as evil and untrustworthy men. Old Scratch pronounces judgment on these influential men, and they are burned up as firewood in the story: "Since the red men have been exterminated by you white savages, I amuse myself by presiding at the persecutions of quakers and anabaptists; I am the great patron and prompter of slave dealers, and the grand master of the Salem witches." Instead of God presiding over the judgment of these men, the author has the Devil do the honors, an irony.

Later, in the story, the author uses humor and hyperbole to highlight Tom Walker's hypocrisy. After enriching himself at the expense of his clients, Tom becomes religious because he's afraid for his chances in the afterlife: "He became, therefore, all of a sudden, a violent church goer. He prayed loudly and strenuously as if heaven were to be taken by force of lungs. Indeed, one might always tell when he had sinned most during the week, by the clamour of his Sunday devotion." Basically, Tom becomes religious, not for altruistic purposes, but so that he can cheat the Devil out of the bargain he's made with him.

As can be seen, the author uses satire as a sort of social commentary about life in New England in the 18th century.

`f(x) = |x + 2|, [-2, oo)` Show that f is strictly monotonic on the given interval and therefore has an inverse function on that interval.

We are asked to show that `f(x)=|x+2|,[-2,oo) ` has an inverse by showing that the function is monotonic on the interval using the derivative:

By definition, ` f(x)=|x+2|={[x+2,x+2 >=0],[-x-2,x+2<0]}`

x+2>0 ==> x>-2 which is the interval we wish so on the interval f(x)=x+2.

f'(x)=1 which is positive for all x in the interval so the function is monotonic (strictly increasing) on the interval. Thus the function has an inverse.

The graph:

How does the past Oceania differ from the present Oceania in 1984?

In 1984, it is very difficult to compare the past Oceania with the present. While we can state that there were no telescreens or ministries, for instance, it is almost impossible to make any other comparisons because the Party has rewritten the official history in a way which glorifies Big Brother and the revolution which brought him to power. Here's one example from a history book which Winston reads in Part One, Chapter Seven:

"In the old days (it ran), before the glorious Revolution, London was not the beautiful city that we know today. It was a dark, dirty, miserable place where hardly anybody had enough to eat and where hundreds and thousands of poor people had no boots on their feet and not even a roof to sleep under."

Winston tries to confirm this view by speaking to an old man in the Prole district but he soon realises that he is wasting his time since the old man remembers nothing of any real importance. Moreover, to exacerbate the problem, Winston's own memories of the past Oceania are distorted and fragmentary. In one flashback, for instance, he remembers spending the night in a tube station because of an air raid. In another, he remembers the last time that he saw his mother.

By making it impossible to obtain accurate information about the past, the Party demonstrates that it is powerful enough to rewrite history while also controlling the present and the future.

The normalized wave function for a hydrogen atom in the 1s state is given by `psi(r)=1/(sqrt(sqrt(pi) alpha0))*e^(-r/(alpha0))` where a0 is the...

(Note: This problem has been edited from its original version, to correct an obvious error in the units of measurement and the normalization of the wavefunction that made it unsolvable.)

We are given this wavefunction:

`psi(r) = 1/sqrt(alpha_0 sqrt(pi)) e^{-r/alpha_0}`

The probability density of finding the atom at a given point is given by the absolute square of the wavefunction at that point:

`p(r) = abs(psi(r))^2 = 1/(sqrt(pi) alpha_0) e^{-r^2/alpha_0^2}`

Normally, to get the overall probability of it being at or further than a particular point x, we would integrate that probability density from x to infinity:
` P(x gt= r) = int_{x}^{infty} p(r) dr = int_{x}^{infty} 1/(sqrt(pi) alpha_0) e^{-r^2/alpha_0^2}`
But in this case, that integral is not possible to solve exactly. Fortunately, there's a trick we can use. We can recognize that it is in fact a Gaussian function (also called a normal distribution or bell curve).
` N(mu, sigma) = 1/(sigma sqrt(2 pi)) e^{-(x-mu)^2/(2 sigma^2)}`

`mu = 0` is fairly easy to see. But what about `sigma` ?

We want `sigma sqrt(2pi) = sqrt(pi) alpha_0` , so` sigma = alpha/sqrt(2)`

That had better work in the other part of the equation, and indeed it does:

`1/(2 sigma^2) = 1/alpha_0^2`

From here, we can just look up the result in a table, because Gaussian functions have well-documented numerical solutions written in statistical tables. To be 3.9 a0 from the origin, we need to be 5.5 standard deviations from zero. The probability of that can be read off the table, as 2*10^-8.

What do you think of the fashion industry's approach to target young consumers at Fashion Week? Should designers be creating brands aimed at this...

Fashion Week (which is held London, Paris, Milan, and New York) and fashion labels target young consumers in several ways. First, Fashion Week uses social media, including Instagram, to capture images of the models on the runways. They also feature photos of the models behind the scenes, and they make the life of a fashion model seem glamorous and festive, like a party teens would want to attend. Fashion labels like Prada use celebrities, such as Kim Kardashian, to pose for ads. In these ads, Kardashian appeared semi-nude or nude and in very suggestive poses. By targeting teenagers, Fashion Week and fashion labels suggest teens are ready for the suggestive clothing and adult lifestyle they are marketing. They are marketing a lifestyle that is based on expensive, revealing clothing that many would argue is more appropriate for adults who have the money and discretion to choose what they want to wear. While fashion labels are trying to cultivate teenage followers so these young consumers will be faithful to their brand in the coming years, I believe what they are doing is not in the best interest of teenagers.