I need to know direct quotes from Dante's Divine Comedy about the way "up is down" and then analysis. I need a minimum of 6 quotes with lines of...

In Canto I, Dante, lost in the woods, wants to get to heaven, but his way is blocked by a wolf, a leopard and a lion, which represent his sin.  The only way up to heaven is down through hell, the place where we confront our own demons. Suffering through the downward journey is the way up to heaven. In the poem, the geography of hell is literally downward through different, progressively worse circles, but that downward journey is also a metaphor or symbol of the necessary, if painful, journey into the depths of our souls. We have probably all heard the phrase hitting rock bottom, as in an alcoholic having to lose everything, becoming the first step on the route back up to a better life.

In the ninth circle of hell, Dante and Virgil have to climb down Satan's fur to his bellybutton or naval, where they find the earth's center and can begin the upward climb to heaven. After they pass through Purgatory, Dante and Virgil begin the upward journey. 

Some passages that might help get you to six lines of poetry, and you should look for more as this is only a pointer, are as follows. Also, I am probably not using the same translation as you, so you will have to find the corresponding passages: 

In the introduction, Dante first tries the direct approach to heaven and finds that "not far from where the ascent began" a leopard blocks his path. This symbolizes that from the beginning he will have to go down to go up. 

The leopard, wolf and lion "pushed me, step by step, back ... ." This symbolizes that the journey up to heaven is hard, not easy, for you must first go down to go up. Sin, represented by animals, forces us down. 

Virgil emerges and tells Dante he must go through "an eternal place, where thou shalt hear the shrieks of hopelessness ...." This represents that Virgil in his wisdom knows that you must encounter pain to understand the blessings of heaven. 

When Beatrice in the beginning urges Dante on his journey, he writes:

"as little flowers by the chill of night/ bowed down, when brightened by the sun, stand all erect on their stems; so likewise with wearied strength did I ... "

This metaphor of the flower bowed down, then rising up to the sun is very important as representing Dante and his journey: like the flower, he goes from down to up. He has to be down to ask the questions that will lead him up. He is as fragile as a flower and as dependent on the light (God) for nourishment as a flower is on the sun. 

After hitting rock bottom, Dante and Virgil at the very end of the Inferno head up: he writes that he and Virgil "in order to regain the world of light," enter a "dark and hidden path, and ... Went up... And saw again the stars." This once again represents that the path to heaven is not straightfoward or easy to find, but that you must first go down, encounter Satan's ugliness, and then you can head up toward the stars, which symbolize heaven. 

In the Paradiso, canto 3, lines 61-96, Beatrice teaches Dante more about down being up. People in heaven achieve heavenly joy by not aspiring to keep moving upward. Dante asks "do you wish for a higher place, to see further" and she replies, "the power of love quiets our will, and makes us long only for what we have." If appetite leads those wanting to move "up" down to hell, love leads those who are humble up to heaven. 

What role did nationalism play in the politics of India and the Middle East before and after independence? What was the nature of the relationship...

Nationalism fueled the Indian independence movement, led by Gandhi and the Indian National Congress. Nationalist leaders had to first create the concept of a unified India, as many people saw themselves as only connected with their own region and religion. Many Muslims in India believed that they constituted a distinct people (qaum). The idea was that the Muslims in India were a minority and needed autonomy and protection. Therefore, in India, there were two layers of nationalism before independence--a breed of nationalism that supported independence from Great Britain and that was supported by most Hindus and some Muslims--and another breed of nationalism that supported Muslim autonomy (which at first was not calling for a separate country). In 1947, when the British finally quit India, two countries were founded--Pakistan, led by the Muslim League leader Jinnah--and India, led by the Indian National Congress. Many Muslims went to Pakistan, while others stayed in India and have continued to be a part of India.

In the Middle East, before and after independence, Islam and nationalism went together. Before World War I, the Middle East was mainly under the political domination of the Ottoman Empire, which was Muslim and led by the sultan, who was considered to be the caliph of Islam. However, the Arabs and other non-Turks, such as Armenians, throughout the empire were already demanding more autonomy from the Turks. Nationalism was not primarily religious at this point. After World War I and the defeat of the Ottoman Empire, Arab lands fell under the rule of France and England. As the rulers were not Muslim, nationalism became strongly associated with Islam. After independence (which came after World War II), Islam played a very strong role in defining national identity in some countries. Other countries were more defined by socialism. 

What impact do benefit offerings have on marketplace competitiveness and the ability to attract and keep quality employees? Do you think pay is the...

The costs of benefits in a large organization are substantial.  The U.S. Department of Labor estimates the average worker costs an employer $33.94 per hour. Benefits averaged $10.70 of that total, representing almost one-third of the employee expense. These numbers suggest organizations make a large investment in employee benefits. Fortunately for the companies, this investment in people appears to pay off.

The leading benefit is health insurance. One survey reveals healthcare reigns supreme over other benefits such as vacation days, bonuses, and retirement plans. Another survey found nearly as many people ranked it as important as the actual salary. Finally, only 19 percent of employees would give up health benefits for wages, and many people in that 19 percent are likely supported on another healthcare plan, such as their spouse's.

The impact on business is simple. Failure to offer at the very minimum health benefits will drastically decrease a company's ability to remain competitive in the marketplace.  The vast amount of information suggests the most qualified employees will seek employment with offered benefits.  Although economic downturns might force employees to accept less-than-desirable positions, it can be assumed these employees will continue to seek better employment.  It is estimated 73 percent of employees would or have actively sought other employment while employed.

Wages remain a highly regarded aspect of employment.  Base pay is near the top of the list of what job seekers consider when evaluating a position. Other attractions include job security, vacation days, and the organization's reputation. Various studies show benefits rank about fourth in a list of other important factors. Whether pay remains the primary motivation is tied closely with the nation's economic security. Employees will devalue pay during economic upswings, but will prioritize it more during periods of recession.

How is Frankenstein's monster depicted as an anti-hero?

There are certainly ways in which one might argue that Frankenstein's monster lacks conventional heroic attributes.  In Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, Frankenstein's monster is willing to kill innocent people to exact revenge on his nemesis and creator, Victor Frankenstein. Killing William, a child (though kind of a poorly behaved one), and Justine, Henry, and Elizabeth, all innocent people, makes the monster seem more like an anti-hero.  Heroes are supposed to uphold the innocent and good and defend them from harm; the monster kills them to prove a point and isolate his creator because Frankenstein's monster believes he, the monster, has been forced to live in isolation due to his creator's decisions. Although the monster begins his life as a benevolent and good creature, and though he remains kind for a long time despite the terrible treatment he receives from everyone he encounters, the monster eventually chooses to live for revenge. Revenge that compels one to murder innocent people is never appropriate hero behavior. 

How many liters of O2 gas at STP is equivalent to 14g of O2?

To answer this question, you must use the ideal gas equation:

P V = n R T

"P" stands for pressure, "V" stands for volume, "n" stands for number of moles, "R" stands for gas constant, and "T" stands for temperature.

The problem mentions that this scenario occurs at STP, which stands for standard temperature and pressure. This automatically gives us two important pieces of information: (1) the temperature in the scenario is 273 K & (2) the pressure in the scenario is 1 atm.

It's also given to us that there are 14 g of O2 present in the scenario, which can help us to calculate the number of moles!  By looking at the periodic table, we can see that 1 mole of oxygen has a mass of 15.999 g.  Since 1 mole of O2 is composed of 2 moles of oxygen, we can find that 1 mole of O2 has a mass of 31.998 g.

`2 xx (15.999 g) = 31.998 g`  

We then use the molar mass of O2 to find the number of moles:

`(14 g)/(1) xx (1 mol)/(31.998 g) = 0.44 mol`

The gas constant -- "R" -- is a constant, and we choose which ones to use based on the other units in our scenario.  Since this scenario deals with atm, K, and mol, we will use the following for "R":

Now we can put everything we know into the ideal gas equation & solve for volume:

`(1 atm) xx V = (0.44 mol) xx (0.08206(L atm)/(mol K)) xx (273 K)`

`V = 9.9 L`

Can you give me a brief summary of this article? I'm having trouble understanding the article

The article gives an overview of WWII from an American point of view.  Your third image is the beginning of the war, and it refers to Germany and Japan's early conquests.  The second image describes how America was the "arsenal" for democracy and at the bottom of the page, you see how America joined the war with the bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941.  Finally, the last page refers to the end of the war in both the European and Pacific Theaters of the war, and America's role in shaping the postwar world.  The article does not go into great detail on strategies or even major battles, but it is a quick read as to the progress and outcome of the war.  In terms of possible test questions, I would make sure that I was aware of the items in the bold blue print and how they relate to each other.  

How would you compare and contrast the message about science and integrity in Frankenstein and The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde?

I find Dr. Jekyll's use of science to have at least a bit more integrity than Victor Frankenstein's.  Frankenstein dreams of being "blessed" by a race of men which he will have created and "hailed" as something of a hero by them.  He puts science to use in order to achieve personal glory and fame, and because he acts without integrity, behaving selfishly and unethically, he ruins many more lives than just his own.

Dr. Jekyll, on the other hand, doesn't exploit science in order to achieve fame.  In essence, he succumbs to Victorian societal pressure to conform to an incredibly repressive moral code.  His intention is to better himself by making it easier for him to always do the right thing, as defined by his society.  Despite the problems we might find with his rationale (if we take issue with his attempt to rid himself of a fundamental part of being human), his intentions, I would argue, are less self-serving than Frankenstein's.  Jekyll is actually attempting to change himself in order to better fit the (unreasonable) demands of his society, and so his use of science smacks more clearly of integrity than does Frankenstein's.  He shows that it is possible to put science to use in a more ethical way than Shelley's "hero."