Who created Mona Lisa?

Mona Lisa is the title of a painting created by the Italian artist and polymath Leonardo da Vinci. 

Born on April 15, 1452, Leonardo da Vinci was the illegitimate son of a minor bureaucrat. He was born in Tuscany and first lived in the countryside and then in the city of Florence. Despite his illegitimacy, he was acknowledged by his father and raised in his father's household.

In this period, Florence under the rule of the Medici family, was a great center of the Renaissance in arts and learning. Leonardo was probably apprenticed to the distinguished painter Andrea del Verrocchio, and later set up his own workshop in Florence in 1472. He moved to Milan where he worked from 1482 until 1499, and then spent time in Hungary, returned to Florence, and also worked in Rome. He moved to France in 1516, where he worked for  King Francis I, and he died there on 2 May 1519.

One of Leonardo's best known paintings is Mona Lisa (also called La Gioconda) which is a three-quarter length seated portrait, most probably of Lisa Gherardini, wife of a wealthy Tuscan merchant.

What are examples of dramatic and situational irony in "The Daydreams of a Drunk Woman" by Clarice Lispector?

There are definitely examples of situational irony in the story. In The Daydreams of a Drunk Woman, Maria Quitera is a bored housewife who despises her life.

Because of her inner discontent, Maria is hypercritical of her husband. Her constant focus on her unhappiness causes her judgment to become increasingly flawed as the days go by, but she's unaware of her danger. At the beginning of the story, she addresses herself "coquettishly with her hand on her hip." Her solipsism escapes her notice. Maria is too busy dreaming about a better life with a more sophisticated man at her side to recognize the danger of her apathy. When her husband reaches over to kiss her before he leaves for work, Maria rebuffs him angrily and accuses him of pawing her like an "old tomcat."

Her husband firmly proclaims that she's "ill," and the reader is similarly aware that Maria's self-absorption is enervating and destructive. Maria doesn't seem aware her constant focus on her misery is self-defeating; this is an example of dramatic irony, where the reader knows something about a main character that the character seems oblivious to.

When Maria accompanies her husband to a tavern at the invitation of a wealthy businessman, she ends up getting drunk. Her inebriation clouds her judgment, but again, she's oblivious to the results of her actions. Here, we have a bit of situational irony. This is when a character's actions result in a completely different outcome than he/ she expected. Instead of appearing sophisticated and elegant, Maria essentially makes an embarrassing spectacle of herself at the tavern. While she believes she can preserve her self-respect in the face of her intoxication, we know this isn't the case.

Maria becomes so drunk she can barely stand; her husband (who she despises and who she thinks looks foolish in his suit) must physically support her. Maria is determined to prove she's no "provincial ninny," but her lack of self-control obliterates any semblance of elegance and refinement in her. Her judgment of other people becomes more crass and disparaging as she becomes more inebriated. She imagines another female patron is "flat-chested," a "pious ninny," and one of a number of "shameless sluts" and that she's "nothing more than a fishwife trying to pass herself off as a duchess."

The irony is that Maria is inwardly criticizing the other woman for something she's guilty of herself. Maria wants her husband's client to be attracted to her, and she thinks that, by appearing sophisticated, she's capable of attracting a better man into her life. She's not actually very confident in her ability to do so, though. This causes her to drink copiously in a social setting to mask her inadequacies. Her actions only make matters worse; instead of appearing elegant and refined, she embarrasses herself. Sadly, she only recognizes this the next day when she reminisces about the previous evening. That's situational irony: when events don't turn out the way a character imagines they will.

When her husband's friend saw her so plump and pretty he had immediately felt respect for her. And when she started to get embarrassed she did not know which way to look. Such misery! What was one to do? Seated on the edge of the bed, blinking in resignation.

What is the message in I Am the Messenger by Markus Zusak?

Markus Zusak's I Am the Messenger tells the story of teenage taxi driver Ed Kennedy, who is labeled a hero by the media after accidentally foiling an attempted robbery. Soon after this occurs, he receives an envelope in the mail with three addresses, dates, and times, as well as the ace of diamonds. He decides to go to the addresses at the times listed and finds a man raping his wife, a senile widow, and a young girl who runs every morning but consistently loses her track meets. In response, he kidnaps the rapist, encourages the young runner, and begins visiting the widow every week because she believes he is her late husband. After completing this list he begins receiving even more cards and addresses in the mail, and continues visiting people and solving their problems for several more cycles. The story ends with Ed meeting the man who claims to be responsible for everything that has happened, strongly implied to be the author, Markus Zusak. The book closes with Ed stating that he is "not the messenger at all—I'm the message."

Essentially, what this means is that Ed navigated his own story viewing himself acting on the will of others, delivering aid and justice because he was ordered to by those sending the cards. However, it was Ed himself who made the decision to help those people, and he was the one who carried it out. This is why the book ends with Ed realizing he is not just a "messenger," sent to deliver a predetermined message to people—he is the one creating the message himself, by choosing how to respond to the problems he sees.

The energy of a particle in the n = 3 excited state of a harmonic oscillator. Potential is 5.45 eV. What is the classical angular frequency of...

To solve, use the formula of energy level of harmonic oscillator.

`E_n = (n + 1/2)hf`

where 

`E_n` is the energy level of harmonic oscillator in Joules

n is the quantum level

h is the Planck's constant `(6.623 xx 10^(-34) Js)`

and f is the frequency of oscillator.

To be able to apply this formula, convert the given energy to Joules. Take note that `1eV = 1.602xx10^(-19)J` .

`E_n=5.45 eV * (1.602xx10^(-19)J)/(1eV)`

`E_n = 8.7309xx10^(-19) J`

Plug-in this value of En to the formula of energy level of harmonic oscillator.

`E_n = (n+1/2)hf`

`8.8309 xx10^(-19) J= (3+1/2)(6.623 xx 10^(-34) Js)f`

`8.7309 xx10^(-19) J=(2.31805 xx10^(-33) Js) f`

Then, isolate the f.

`f = (8.7309 xx 10^(-19)J)/(2.31805xx10^(-33)Js)`

`f=3.76648476xx10^14``/ sec`

`f=3.76648476 xx 10^14Hz`

So the frequency of the oscillator is `3.76648476xx10^14Hz` .

To determine the angular frequency, apply the formula:

`omega = 2pif`

`omega =2pi * (3.76648476xx10^14 Hz)`

`omega=2.366552170 xx10^15` rad/s

Rounding off to two decimal places, it becomes:

`omega =2.37 xx10^15` rad/s

Therefore, the angular frequency of harmonic oscillator is `2.37xx10^15` radian per second.

In "A Summer's Reading" by Bernard Malamud, what is George doing when he spends most of the day alone in his room?

In the second paragraph of the story, we learn that when George stays cooped up in his room all alone, he's sometimes listening to sports on his radio, but he's mostly reading. More specifically, he's reading easy, nonfiction content: a reference book, plus some magazines and newspapers. Here's how the narrator describes what George does during all those solitary hours:

But most of the time he sat in his room. In the afternoons he listened to the ball game. Otherwise he had a couple of old copies of the World Almanac he had bought long ago, and he liked to read in them and also the magazines and newspapers that Sophie brought home, that had been left on the tables in the cafeteria. They were mostly picture magazines about movie stars and sports figures, also usually the News and Mirror.

Because George is only reading the things that he happens to already own, or the things that happen to be in the house, it's clear that although he's intelligent enough to read and be interested in some things, he definitely hasn't taken charge of his own life. He's basically hiding from the world and hiding from his own shame of not having finished school. Fiction gets on his nerves, possibly because it's all about adventures and excitement that he'll never have, so he doesn't read that. And "worthwhile books" are difficult for him and frustrate him, so he doesn't read those, either.

All this sounds rather bleak, doesn't it? But keep in mind that this is just the first few paragraphs of the story; they're revealing George's problem. As the story unfolds, he'll have a chance to change his habits, and to change his life for the better.

A measurement of an electron's speed is `v = 2.0 x 10^6 m/s` and has an uncertainty of `10%.` What is the minimum uncertainty in its position? (`h...

Hello!

The uncertainty principle (one of them) states that it is impossible to exactly measure the speed and the position of a body. This inexactness is called uncertainty. Of course it is significant only for very small particles of matter, for example for electrons.

The main formula for the speed-position uncertainty is

`Delta p*Delta x gt= bar h/2,`

where `Delta p` is the uncertainty of the momentum, `Delta x` is the uncertainty of the position and `bar h` is the reduced Plank's constant  `h/(2pi).` ` `

The momentum is the mass multiplied by the speed and `10%` is `0.1.` Thus we obtain the inequality

`0.1*m_(el)*v*Delta x gt= h/(4pi),`

and therefore

`Delta x gt= h/(4pi)*10/(m_(el)*v) =(6.626*10^(-34))/(4pi)*10/(9.11*10^(-31)*2*10^6)=`

`=(6.626)/(4pi*9.11*2)*10^(-8) approx0.0289*10^(-8) = 2.89*10^(-10) (m).`

In nanometers it is `0.289 nm.`

The answer: the minimum uncertainty in position is about 0.289 nm.

In "Black Beauty" by Anna Sewell, who are all of the owners of Black Beauty?

There are nine owners of Black Beauty recorded in the fictional novel.  However, there are many more who come into contact with him throughout his life and have a dramatic impact upon him.

Black Beauty is born to Dutchess and owned by Squire Gordon of Birtwick Manor.  He lives there until his mistress grows ill and must move away.

Beauty is sold to the Earl of W--- of Earlshall Park, where he is well-tended until Reuben Smith enters the story.  Smith ruins Beauty's knees through careless riding.  The Lady of W--- cannot abide by a horse with such knees in her stables and he is sold again.

His next owner is unnamed and referred to only as the master of livery stables where horses are available for rent.  For the first time in his life, he is subject to continued substandard treatment until bought by a kind-hearted man who rented him once, Mr. Barry of Bath.

Jeremiah Barker, a cab driver, is the fifth owner of Beauty.  Barker treats him quite well and may have owned him throughout his life if not for his catching cold during a long evening wait.  Unable to continue the business, Barker passes Beauty on to another unnamed owner. 

The corn dealer and baker cares little for horses and sells Beauty to Nicholas Skinner, a harsh coachman.  Skinner abuses his horses and nearly kills Beauty with exhaustion and an overloaded coach.  Forced to sell him or allow him ample pasture time to heal, Skinner sells him at a London horse fair.

Farmer Thoroughgood, a kind fellow, and his grandson take a liking to Beauty and purchase him for a good sum.  Beauty is once again on the mend and when healed is brought around to his final home.  He is offered to the Ladies of Birtwick Manor, specifically to Miss Ellen.  The groom, Joe Green, recognizes Beauty's markings and everyone associated with the Manor is happy to see his return.