Why does Shylock hate Antonio and Christians in general?

In Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice, Shylock hates Antonio for many reasons. First, Shylock claims that he hates Antonio because he is a Christian. Historically, many tensions have existed between Christian and Jewish communities, with Jews often facing significant persecution at the hands of Christians. As such, it's hardly surprising that Shylock would regard any Christian with distaste. Second, Shylock hates Antonio because he lends money without charging interest. As a moneylender, Shylock makes his money by charging interest on loans, and any competitors who charge lower rates (or no rates at all) are likely to cut into his profits. Finally, and most importantly, Antonio proves himself to be anti-Semitic, bullying and abusing Shylock on several occasions simply because he is Jewish. As such, it's hardly surprising that Shylock hates both Antonio and Christians in general, as it seems that he is regularly oppressed by Antonio and the general Christian community in Venice. 

Understanding the reasons for Shylock's hatred of Antonio changes the meaning of the play. Before delving into the many motivations behind Shylock's anger, it's possible to feel sorry for Antonio and see him as a victim. However, once we realize the full extent of Antonio's abuse of Shylock, it becomes much more difficult to feel bad for him. Sure, he may not deserve to be carved up, but Antonio's oppressive treatment of Shylock certainly does not earn our respect. Indeed, by the end of the play, it becomes much easier to sympathize with the oppressed Shylock.